Explain hybridisation of phosphorous in the formation of `PCl_(5)`

Explanation

In the formation of `PCl_(5)` molecule the central phosphorus atom undergoes `sp^(3)d` hybridisartion.
Ex : Formation of `PCl_(5)` molecule
Atomic number of (P) = 15
`therefore` Ground state electron configuration
`=1s^(2)2s^(2)2p^(6)3s^(2)3p^(3)`
Excited state configuration
`=1s^(2)2s^(2)2p^(6)3s^(1)3p_(x)^(1)3p_(y)^(1)3p_(z)^(1)3d_(1)`

In the formation of `PCl_(5)` molecule the central 'P' atom undergoes `sp^(3)d` hybridization in its excited state. As a result of which five `sp^(3)d` hybrid orbitals will form on it. All the five hybird orbitals contain an electron, each. Now, the five `sp^(3)d` hybrid orbitals overlap Head - Head with half-filled `3p_(z)` orbitals of five chlorine atoms forming five sigma bonds. The shape of the molecule is trigonal bipyramidal with bond angles `120^(@)` and `90^(@)`.