Explain the hybridisation involved is `SF_(6)`.

Explanation

In the formaton of `SF_(6)` molecule the central 'S' atom undergoes `sp^(3)d^(2)` hybridization.
Ex : Formation of `SF_(6)` molecule :
Atomic number of Sulpher = 16
`therefore` Ground state configuration of 'S'
`=1s^(2)2s^(2)2p^(6)3s^(2)3p^(4)`
Excited state I configuration
`=1s^(2)2s^(2)2p^(6)3s^(2)3p_(x)^(1)3p_(y)^(1)3p_(z)^(1)3d^(1)`
Excited state II configuration
`=1s^(2)2s^(2)2p^(6)3s^(1)3p_(x)^(1)3p_(y)^(1)3p_(z)^(1)3_(x^(2)-y^(2))^(1)3d_(z^(2))^(1)`

In the formation of `SF_(6)` molecule the central 'S' atom undergoes `sp^(3)d^(2)` hybridization in its excited state II configuration. As a result of which six hybrid orbitals form on it. All of them contain an electron, each. Now all these six hybrid orbits overlap Head - Head with half-filled `2p_(z)` orbitals of six 'F' atoms forming six `sigma` bonds. The shape of the molecule is octahedral with a bond angle of `90^(@) " and " 180^(@)`.