Discuss the mode of action and advantages/disadvantages of hormonal contraceptives.

Explanation

Intra Uterine Devices are presently available as
(a) Non-medicated IUDs (e.g., Lippes loop)
(b) Copper releasing IUDs (e.g., Cu-T,Cu-7,Multiload 375)
(c) Hormone releasing IUDs (e.g., Progestasert, LNG -20)
Mode of Action of Hormonal Contraceptives
The hormones releasing IUDs, make the uterus unsuitable for implantaion and the cervix hostile to the sperms. Progesterone can also be used as injections and implants (slow release of hormones) to inhibit ovulation.
Advantage of Hormonal Contraceptives
Administration of progestogens or progestogen-oestrogen combinations or IUDs within 72 hrs of intercourse have been found to be effective as emergency contraceptives as they could be used to avoid possible pregnancy due to rape or causal unprotected intercours.
Disadvantages of Hormonal Contraceptives
(i) IUDs are suggested as ideal contraceptives for the females but they can have serious side effects.
(ii) Can cause allergic reaction
(iii) If displaced, can cause tissue damage and profuse bleeding.
(iv) IUDs can demage the normal hormonal balance and later even if desired, pregnancy may not be achived.
(v) Artificaial intake can disrupt normal interactions in the body system.