Discuss in detail the contributions of Morgan and Sturvant in the area of genetics.

Explanation

T H Morgan (1866-1945) was given the Noble Prize in 1933.
His contributions are
(i) Morgan worked on fruit fly Drosphila melanogaster and proposed the charomosomal theory of linkage.
(ii) He stated and established that genes are located on the chromosome.
(iii) He established the priciple of linkage, crossing over, sex-linked interitance and discovered the relation between gence and chromosome.
(iv) He established the technique of chromosome mapping.
(v) He observed and woeked on mutation.
Alfred Henry Sturtevant (1891-1970) student of morgan was given the National Modal of Since in 1967. His contributions are
(i) He constructed the first genetic map of a chromosome while working on the Drosphila genome.
(ii) His main contributions toscience include his analysis of genetic 'linkage group which became classical method of chromosome mapping that is still used today. In 1913, he determined that genes were arranged on chromosomes in a linear fashion, like beads on a necklace. He also showed that the gene for any specific trait was in a fixed location (locous).
(iii) His work on Drosphila probed that two closely related species ahowed newly recurring mutations that were allelic and thus probably identical. His work also helped to determine genetic role in sexual selection and development and displayed the importance of chromosomal crossing over in mutations.
(iv) One of Sturtevant's principle contributions wha shis introduction to the concept that the frequency of crossing over between two genes could help to determine their proximity on a linear genetic map. His experiments determined that the frequency of double crossing over can used to deduce gene order.