Name the law that states that the sum of allelic frequencies in a population remains constant. What are the five factors that influence these values ?

Explanation

Hardy-Weinberg Principle states that the sum of allelic frequencies in a population is stable and is constant from generation to generation i.e., the gene pool ( total gene and their alleles in a population remain constant. This is called genetic equilibrium. The sum total of all the allelic frequencies is
Five factor that influence these values are
(i) Gene migration of Gene Flow When migration of a section of population to another place occurs, gene frequencies change in the original as well as in the new population. New genes/ alleles are added to the new population and these are lost from the old population. There would be gene flow if this gene migration, heappens multiple times.
(ii) Genetic Drift It refers to the elimination of the gene of certin traits when a section of population migrates or dies of natural calamity. It is an evolutionary force operating in small population whereby gene frequency changes by chance leadings to loss of some genes or gain of others irrespective of their selective advantages or disadvantages.
(iii) Mutation The sudden heritable change which is directionless in gene is called mutation . It alters the genetic frequency or genetic make up of an individual.
(iv) Genetic Recombination This phenomenon occurs during gamete formation when chromosomes pass from parents to offsprings which show new combination of characteristics.
(v) Natural Selection It is a phenomenon by which some member of population having traits that enable them to grow and reproduce at higher rater are favoured. Hence, they leave more survivig offspring in the next generation than others.