The flowers pollinated by flies and beetles

Options

A. Secrete abundant nectar to attract these animals.
B. Are small and are clustered into an inflorescence to make them conspicuous
C. Have colour and/or edible pollen
D. Secrete foul odours to attract these animals

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Biotic Pollinators**:
- The question refers to flowers that are pollinated by biotic agents, specifically flies and beetles. Biotic pollinators are living organisms that facilitate the transfer of pollen from one flower to another.

2. **Characteristics of Flies and Beetles**:
- Flies and beetles are attracted to certain types of flowers. Unlike many other pollinators, they are not primarily drawn to bright colors or sweet fragrances.

3. **Attraction Mechanism**:
- The primary way these insects are attracted to flowers is through foul smells or unpleasant odors. Flowers that emit these types of scents are more likely to attract flies and beetles.

4. **Analyzing Options**:
- The question likely presents multiple-choice options regarding the characteristics of flowers that attract flies and beetles. We need to evaluate each option based on the information about their attraction.

5. **Identifying the Correct Option**:
- The correct option would be the one that states that these flowers secrete foul odors to attract flies and beetles. This aligns with the behavior of these insects, as they are drawn to the scent rather than color or nectar.

6. **Conclusion**:
- Therefore, the flowers that are pollinated by flies and beetles are characterized by their foul odor, which is the key factor in attracting these specific pollinators.

### Final Answer:
The flowers pollinated by flies and beetles are those that secrete foul odors to attract these insects.

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