What is the product formed in the following reaction?
`C_(6)H_(5)OH + "CCl"_(4) overset("NaOH")(rarr)`

Options

A. Benzaldehyde
B. Salicyladehyde
C. p-Hydroxybenzoic acid
D. o-Hydroxybenzoic acid

Answer

To determine the product formed in the reaction of phenol (C₆H₅OH) with carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) in the presence of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), we can follow these steps:

### Step 1: Identify the Reactants
The reactants in this reaction are:
- Phenol (C₆H₅OH)
- Carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)
- Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

### Step 2: Understand the Role of NaOH
Sodium hydroxide acts as a base in this reaction. It will deprotonate phenol to form phenoxide ion (C₆H₅O⁻).

### Step 3: Formation of Phenoxide Ion
When phenol reacts with NaOH, the hydroxyl group (–OH) loses a hydrogen ion (H⁺), resulting in the formation of the phenoxide ion:
\[ \text{C₆H₅OH} + \text{NaOH} \rightarrow \text{C₆H₅O}^- + \text{Na}^+ + \text{H₂O} \]

### Step 4: Reaction of Phenoxide Ion with CCl₄
The phenoxide ion (C₆H₅O⁻) can now react with carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄). The negatively charged oxygen in the phenoxide ion can attack the carbon atom in CCl₄, leading to the substitution of one of the chlorine atoms.

### Step 5: Nucleophilic Substitution
The nucleophilic attack by the phenoxide ion on CCl₄ results in the formation of a chlorinated compound. This step can be represented as:
\[ \text{C₆H₅O}^- + \text{CCl₄} \rightarrow \text{C₆H₅O-CCl₃} + \text{Cl}^- \]

### Step 6: Hydrolysis of the Chlorinated Compound
The chlorinated compound (C₆H₅O-CCl₃) can undergo hydrolysis in the presence of NaOH. The chlorine atoms can be replaced by hydroxyl groups (–OH) through nucleophilic substitution:
\[ \text{C₆H₅O-CCl₃} + 3 \text{NaOH} \rightarrow \text{C₆H₅O-C(OH)₃} + 3 \text{NaCl} \]

### Step 7: Final Product Formation
The final product after the hydrolysis will be ortho-hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid), where the hydroxyl group (–OH) is at the ortho position relative to the carboxylic acid group (–COOH):
\[ \text{C₆H₅(OH)(COOH)} \]

### Conclusion
The product formed in this reaction is ortho-hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid).