The compound obtained by heating the mixture of primary amine, chloroform and alcoholic potassium hydroxide is:

Options

A. Alkyl isocyanide
B. Nitro compound
C. Amide
D. Alkyl cyanide

Answer

To determine the compound obtained by heating a mixture of primary amine, chloroform, and alcoholic potassium hydroxide, we can follow these steps:

### Step 1: Identify the Reactants
We have three main reactants:
- Primary Amine (RNH2)
- Chloroform (CHCl3)
- Alcoholic Potassium Hydroxide (KOH in alcohol)

### Step 2: Understand the Reaction Mechanism
When primary amines react with chloroform in the presence of alcoholic KOH, a specific reaction known as the **Carbylamine Reaction** occurs. This reaction involves the formation of isocyanides (or carbylamines).

### Step 3: Formation of Dichlorocarbene
In the presence of alcoholic KOH, chloroform undergoes dehydrohalogenation, leading to the formation of **dichlorocarbene (CCl2)**. The reaction can be summarized as:
\[ \text{CHCl}_3 + \text{KOH (alc)} \rightarrow \text{CCl}_2 + \text{HCl} + \text{KCl} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \]

### Step 4: Nucleophilic Attack by the Amine
The primary amine (RNH2) acts as a nucleophile and attacks the electron-deficient dichlorocarbene (CCl2). The nitrogen atom in the amine has a lone pair of electrons, which it donates to the carbene:
\[ \text{RNH}_2 + \text{CCl}_2 \rightarrow \text{R-NH-CCl}_2 \]

### Step 5: Elimination of Chlorine
The intermediate formed will undergo elimination reactions, where chlorine atoms are removed, leading to the formation of an isocyanide:
\[ \text{R-NH-CCl}_2 \rightarrow \text{R-N=C} + \text{Cl}^- \]

### Step 6: Final Product
The final product of this reaction is **alkyl isocyanide (R-N=C)**. This is the compound formed when a primary amine reacts with chloroform in the presence of alcoholic potassium hydroxide.

### Conclusion
Thus, the compound obtained by heating the mixture of primary amine, chloroform, and alcoholic potassium hydroxide is **alkyl isocyanide**.

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