What is the product formed in the following reaction ?
`C_(6)H_(5)OH+C Cl_(4) underset((ii)H_(3)O^(+))overset((i)NaOH)to`

Options

A. Benzaldehyde
B. Salicylaldehyde
C. p-Hydroxybenzoic acid
D. o-Hydroxybenzoic acid

Answer

To determine the product formed in the reaction between phenol (C₆H₅OH) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) in the presence of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydronium ion (H₃O⁺), we can follow these steps:

### Step 1: Identify the Reactants
The reactants in this reaction are:
- Phenol (C₆H₅OH)
- Carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)
- Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
- Hydronium ion (H₃O⁺)

### Step 2: Understand the Role of Sodium Hydroxide
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) acts as a strong base. In this reaction, it will deprotonate the phenol, converting it into phenoxide ion (C₆H₅O⁻), which is more nucleophilic than phenol itself.

### Step 3: Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction
The phenoxide ion will then undergo a nucleophilic substitution reaction with carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄). The chlorine atoms in CCl₄ are good leaving groups, allowing the phenoxide ion to replace one or more of the chlorine atoms.

### Step 4: Formation of Ortho and Para Products
When the phenoxide ion attacks the carbon in CCl₄, it can lead to the formation of chlorinated products. In this case, the substitution will lead to the formation of 3-chloro-phenol or 4-chloro-phenol, depending on the position of the substitution on the benzene ring.

### Step 5: Hydrolysis of the Chlorinated Product
After the chlorination, the product will undergo hydrolysis when treated with hydronium ion (H₃O⁺). This will convert the chlorinated phenolic compound into a carboxylic acid.

### Step 6: Final Product Identification
The final product after hydrolysis will be ortho-hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) if the substitution occurs at the ortho position. The structure will be a benzene ring with one hydroxyl group (OH) and one carboxylic acid group (COOH) adjacent to each other.

### Final Answer
The final product formed in this reaction is **ortho-hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid)**.

---