Select an incorrect statement for Chemotaxonomy.

Options

A. Chemical characters have helped in establishing relationships and statistical evaluation of taxonomic information
B. Characters like presence of calcium carbonates crystals, called raphides, have been found to be common to 35 families
C. Ancient classifications for medicinal purposes were based on chemical information such as aroma in the case of spices
D. The chemical constituents of plant species have been found to be stable and do not change easily

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Chemotaxonomy**:
- Chemotaxonomy is a method of biological classification that uses the chemical composition of organisms to determine their relationships and classify them into groups or orders.

2. **Analyzing the Statements**:
- We need to evaluate the provided statements to identify which one is incorrect regarding chemotaxonomy.

3. **Evaluating the First Statement**:
- The first statement claims that "chemical characters have helped in establishing relations and statistical evaluation of taxonomic information."
- This statement is correct as chemotaxonomy indeed relies on chemical characteristics for classification.

4. **Evaluating the Second Statement**:
- The second statement mentions that "the presence of calcium carbonate crystals called raphides have been found in common to 35 families."
- This statement is incorrect because raphides are actually made of calcium oxalate, not calcium carbonate.

5. **Evaluating the Third Statement**:
- The third statement states that "ancient classification for medicinal purposes were based on chemical information such as aroma in case of spices."
- This statement is correct as historical classifications often considered chemical properties like aroma.

6. **Evaluating the Fourth Statement**:
- The fourth statement asserts that "the chemical constituents of plant species have been found to be stable and do not change easily."
- This statement is also correct since chemical constituents tend to remain consistent across generations of a plant.

7. **Conclusion**:
- After evaluating all the statements, the second statement is identified as incorrect because it incorrectly identifies the composition of raphides.

**Final Answer**: The incorrect statement for chemotaxonomy is the second one regarding calcium carbonate crystals being called raphides; they are actually made of calcium oxalate.

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