Which of the following statement is correct ?

Options

A. Small animals have a low surface area relative to their volume .
B. Thermoregulation is energetically expensive for many organisms.
C. Snails and fish go into hibernation.
D. Bacteria and fungi form thin walked spores in unfavourable conditions

Answer

To determine which statement is correct, we will analyze each of the four statements provided in the question.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Analyze the First Statement:**
- The first statement claims that "small animals have low surface area relative to their volume."
- This statement is incorrect. Small animals actually have a **high surface area relative to their volume**. This means that they lose heat more quickly than larger animals, which is why they often cannot survive in cold environments without expending a lot of energy to maintain their body temperature.

2. **Analyze the Second Statement:**
- The second statement states that "thermoregulation is energetically expensive for many organisms."
- This statement is correct. There are two types of organisms: **regulators** (like mammals, including humans) that maintain homeostasis and **conformers** (the majority of animals) that do not. Thermoregulation requires energy, and thus it is energetically expensive, especially for regulators.

3. **Analyze the Third Statement:**
- The third statement mentions that "snails and fishes go into hibernation."
- This statement is incorrect. Hibernation is a state that some animals, like bears and certain rodents, enter during winter. Snails and fishes do not hibernate; instead, they may undergo a process called **estivation** during hot or dry conditions.

4. **Analyze the Fourth Statement:**
- The fourth statement claims that "bacteria and fungi form thin-walled spores in unfavorable conditions."
- This statement is also incorrect. In unfavorable conditions, bacteria and fungi typically form **thick-walled spores** to protect themselves from harsh environments.

### Conclusion:
After analyzing all four statements, the only correct statement is the **second statement**: "thermoregulation is energetically expensive for many organisms."

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