The end point of succession is determined by

Options

A. Ecesic causes
B. Initial causes
C. Biotic causes
D. Climatic causes

Explanation

**Step-by-Step Text Solution:**

1. **Understanding Succession**: Succession is the process by which the structure of a biological community evolves over time. It involves a series of changes in the composition and structure of the community in response to environmental conditions.

2. **Pioneer Species**: The first organisms to colonize an area during succession are known as pioneer species. These species are crucial for initiating the process of succession. For example, in a pond ecosystem, phytoplankton may serve as pioneer species, while lichens might be the pioneers on bare rocks.

3. **Stages of Succession**: As succession progresses, various species replace one another in a sequence influenced by environmental changes. This leads to the establishment of different communities over time.

4. **Climax Community**: The final stage of succession is known as the climax community, which is a stable community that has reached equilibrium with the environment. This community experiences minimal changes over time unless disrupted by external factors.

5. **Determining Factors**: The end point of succession, or the climax community, is influenced by various factors. Among these, climatic causes play a significant role in determining the type of climax community that will develop in a particular area.

6. **Conclusion**: Therefore, the end point of succession is primarily determined by climatic causes, which shape the final community structure and composition.

**Final Answer**: The end point of succession is determined by climatic causes.

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