Which of the following is having zero dipole moment ?

Options

A. `C Cl_(4)`
B. `CH_(3)Cl`
C. `CH_(3)F`
D. `CHCl_(3)`

Answer

To determine which of the given molecules has a zero dipole moment, we can analyze the molecular geometry and the electronegativity of the atoms involved in each case. Here’s a step-by-step solution:

### Step 1: Identify the Molecules
The question provides several molecules to consider. Let's assume the molecules in question are CCl4 (carbon tetrachloride), CH3Cl (methyl chloride), and CHCl3 (chloroform).

### Step 2: Analyze CCl4 (Carbon Tetrachloride)
- **Molecular Geometry**: CCl4 has a tetrahedral shape.
- **Electronegativity**: The electronegativity of carbon (C) is 2.55, and that of chlorine (Cl) is 3.16.
- **Dipole Moment Calculation**: The individual dipole moments from each C-Cl bond will point towards the chlorine atoms. However, due to the symmetrical tetrahedral shape, the dipole moments cancel each other out. Therefore, CCl4 has a zero dipole moment.

### Step 3: Analyze CH3Cl (Methyl Chloride)
- **Molecular Geometry**: CH3Cl has a tetrahedral shape as well.
- **Electronegativity**: The electronegativity of hydrogen (H) is 2.20, and that of chlorine (Cl) is 3.16.
- **Dipole Moment Calculation**: The dipole moments from the C-Cl bond will point towards chlorine, while the C-H bonds will point towards carbon. The resultant dipole moment will not cancel out completely, resulting in a net dipole moment. Therefore, CH3Cl does not have a zero dipole moment.

### Step 4: Analyze CHCl3 (Chloroform)
- **Molecular Geometry**: CHCl3 also has a tetrahedral shape.
- **Electronegativity**: The electronegativity values are the same as before.
- **Dipole Moment Calculation**: Similar to CH3Cl, the dipole moments from the three C-Cl bonds will point towards chlorine, while the C-H bond will point towards carbon. The resultant dipole moment will also not cancel out completely, resulting in a net dipole moment. Therefore, CHCl3 does not have a zero dipole moment.

### Conclusion
Based on the analysis:
- **CCl4 (Carbon Tetrachloride)** is the only molecule that has a zero dipole moment due to its symmetrical tetrahedral shape, which allows the dipole moments to cancel out.

### Final Answer
**The molecule with zero dipole moment is CCl4 (Carbon Tetrachloride).**

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