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The order of reactivity of following alc...

The order of reactivity of following alcohols with halogen acids is……….
(A) `CH_(3)CH_(2)-CH_(2)-OH` (B) `CH_(3CH_(2)-underset(CH_(3))underset(|)"CH"-OH`
`(C ) CH_(3)CH_(2)-underset(CH_(3))underset(|)overset(CH_(3))overset(|)C-OH`

A

`(A)gt(B)gt(C )`

B

`(C )gt(B)gt(A)`

C

`(B)gt(A)gt(C )`

D

`(A)gt(C )gt(B)`

Text Solution

Verified by Experts

The correct Answer is:
B

Reaction between alcohols and halogen acid follows `S_(N)1` mechanism. In `S_(N)1` mechanism carbocations are formed as intermediates.
Let us consider the formation of carbocations with the given three alcohols.
`CH_(3)-CH_(2)-CH_(2)-OHtoCH_(3)-overset(+)CH+OH^(-)`
In this case, `1^(@)` carbocation is formed. It is least stable. So, here `S_(N)2` mechanism is followed. In this `S_(N)2` mechanism a transitory state is observed in a-carbon is linked with two nucleophiles.
`CH_(3)-CH_(2)-underset(CH_(3))underset(|)"CH"-OHtounderset(2^(@)"carbocation" ("more stable than" 1^(@) "carbocation"))(CH_(3)-underset(CH_(3))underset(|)overset(+)"CH"+OH^(-))`
`CH_(3)-CH_(2)-underset(CH_(3))underset(|)overset(CH_(3))overset(|)C-OHtounderset(3^(@)"carbocation" ("most satble"))(H_(3)C-CH_(2)-underset(CH_(3))underset(|)overset(CH_(3))overset(|)(C^(+))+OH^(-))`
The reaction proceeded with stable carbocation. Higher the stability of carbocation, higher will be the possibilities of attack of `X^(-)` ion to the carbocation.
As, the tertiary carbocation is most stable so the possibilities of attack of `X^(-)` ion are more prominent in case of tertiary carbocations. Thus, attack of `X^(-)` ion to carbocation is proceeded with tertiary carbocation as follows
`underset(3^(@) "carbocation")(H_(3)C-CH_(2)-underset(CH_(3))underset(|)overset(CH_(3))overset(|)(C^(oplus))+X)toH_(3)C-CH_(2)-underset(CH_(3))underset(|)overset(CH_(3))overset(|)C-X`
So, the correct option is (b).
Note Higher the stability of intermediate, higher will be the reactivity of compound and higher will be the yield of the desired product
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Knowledge Check

  • The order of reactivity of following alcohols with halogen acids is _____ (A). CH_(3)CH_(2)-CH_(2)-OH (B). CH_(3)CH_(2)-underset(CH_(3))underset(|)(C)H-OH (C). CH_(3)CH_(2)-underset(CH_(3))underset(|)overset(CH_(3))overset(|)(C)-OH

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    `BgtAgtC`
    D
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  • The IUPAC name for CH_(3)CHOHCH_(2)-underset(CH_(3))underset(|)overset(CH_(3))overset(|)C-OH is

    A
    1, 1-Dimethyl-1, 3-butanediol
    B
    2-Methyl-2, 4-pentanediol
    C
    4-Methyl-2, 4-pentanediol
    D
    1, 3, 3-trimethyl-1, 3-propanediol
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    A
    (I)gt(II)gt(III)
    B
    `(III)gt(II)gt(I)`
    C
    (II)gt(I)gt(III)
    D
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