Maximum & minimum oxidation number of elements are given which one is incorrect match-

Options

A. `{:("elements","Min O.N.","Max O.N."),(P,-3,+5):}`
B. `{:("elements","Min O.N.","Max O.N."),(Cr,+2,+6):}`
C. `{:("elements","Min O.N.","Max O.N."),(Cl,-1,+7):}`
D. `{:("elements","Min O.N.","Max O.N."),(C,-4,+4):}`

Answer

To determine the incorrect match of maximum and minimum oxidation numbers for the given elements, we will analyze each element's oxidation states based on their electronic configurations and valence electrons.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Phosphorus (P)**:
- **Valence Electrons**: Phosphorus has 5 valence electrons.
- **Maximum Oxidation State**: It can lose all 5 electrons, resulting in a maximum oxidation state of +5.
- **Minimum Oxidation State**: It can gain 3 electrons to complete its octet, resulting in a minimum oxidation state of -3.
- **Conclusion**: The oxidation states for phosphorus are correctly matched as +5 (max) and -3 (min).

2. **Chromium (Cr)**:
- **Atomic Number**: Chromium has an atomic number of 24.
- **Electronic Configuration**: The configuration is [Ar] 4s¹ 3d⁵.
- **Maximum Oxidation State**: Chromium can lose a total of 6 electrons (1 from 4s and 5 from 3d), resulting in a maximum oxidation state of +6.
- **Minimum Oxidation State**: It can also exhibit a +1 oxidation state by losing only one electron from the 4s orbital, thus leaving it with a configuration of 3d⁵.
- **Conclusion**: The oxidation states for chromium are incorrectly matched as it can indeed have a minimum oxidation state of +1, which is not listed.

3. **Chlorine (Cl)**:
- **Valence Electrons**: Chlorine has 7 valence electrons.
- **Maximum Oxidation State**: It can lose 7 electrons, resulting in a maximum oxidation state of +7.
- **Minimum Oxidation State**: It can gain 1 electron to complete its octet, resulting in a minimum oxidation state of -1.
- **Conclusion**: The oxidation states for chlorine are correctly matched as +7 (max) and -1 (min).

4. **Carbon (C)**:
- **Valence Electrons**: Carbon has 4 valence electrons.
- **Maximum Oxidation State**: It can lose all 4 electrons, resulting in a maximum oxidation state of +4.
- **Minimum Oxidation State**: It can gain 4 electrons, resulting in a minimum oxidation state of -4.
- **Conclusion**: The oxidation states for carbon are correctly matched as +4 (max) and -4 (min).

### Final Conclusion:
The incorrect match is for **Chromium (Cr)**, where the minimum oxidation state should include +1, which is not listed.