Excretion in Arthropod animals take place by :-

Options

A. Malpighian tubules
B. Green glands
C. Coxal glands
D. All of the above

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Excretion in Arthropods**: Excretion in arthropods is a crucial process for the removal of metabolic waste from their bodies. Different groups of arthropods have evolved various excretory structures.

2. **Identifying Excretory Organs**:
- **Malpighian Tubules**: These are the primary excretory organs in insects like cockroaches. They help in the removal of nitrogenous waste from the hemolymph (the blood equivalent in arthropods) and also assist in the absorption of excess water and solutes.
- **Green Glands**: Found in crustaceans, these glands play a role in excretion by filtering waste from the blood and reabsorbing necessary substances like glucose, amino acids, and ions.
- **Coxal Glands**: Present in some arthropods, these glands also function in excretion by collecting and expelling urine.

3. **Analyzing the Options**:
- **Option 1**: Malpighian Tubules - Correct.
- **Option 2**: Green Glands - Correct.
- **Option 3**: Coxal Glands - Correct.
- **Option 4**: All of the above - This option is correct as it encompasses all the previously mentioned excretory structures.

4. **Conclusion**: Since all the options mentioned are correct regarding the excretory mechanisms in arthropods, the best answer is **Option 4: All of the above**.