Which is under the direct neural regulation of the hypothalamus?

Options

A. Anterior pituitary
B. Posterior pituitary
C. Middle lobe of pituitary
D. Both A and B

Explanation

To answer the question "Which is under the direct neural regulation of the hypothalamus?", we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Identify the Options**: The options given are:
- A) Anterior pituitary gland
- B) Posterior pituitary gland
- C) Middle lobe of pituitary gland
- D) Both A and B

2. **Understand the Role of the Hypothalamus**: The hypothalamus is a crucial part of the brain that regulates various bodily functions, including the release of hormones. It communicates with the pituitary gland, which is often referred to as the "master gland."

3. **Differentiate Between the Pituitary Glands**:
- The **anterior pituitary gland** (adenohypophysis) is regulated by releasing and inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus but does not have direct neural control.
- The **posterior pituitary gland** (neurohypophysis) is directly connected to the hypothalamus via nerve fibers. It stores and releases hormones that are synthesized in the hypothalamus.

4. **Identify the Correct Answer**: Since the posterior pituitary gland is directly controlled by the hypothalamus through neural connections, it is the correct answer. The hormones oxytocin and vasopressin (ADH) are produced in the hypothalamus and transported to the posterior pituitary for storage and release.

5. **Conclusion**: Therefore, the answer to the question is:
- **B) Posterior pituitary gland**