Which of the following d orbitals involved in `Sp_(3)d` hybridization?

Options

A. `d_(xy)`
B. `d_(xz)`
C. `d_(x^(2)-y^(2))`
D. `d_(z^(2))`

Answer

To determine which d orbitals are involved in sp³d hybridization, we can follow these steps:

### Step 1: Understand sp³d Hybridization
- sp³d hybridization involves the mixing of one s orbital, three p orbitals, and one d orbital. This type of hybridization typically occurs in elements from the third period and beyond, where d orbitals are available for bonding.

### Step 2: Identify the Geometry
- The geometry associated with sp³d hybridization is trigonal bipyramidal. This means that there are five regions of electron density around the central atom.

### Step 3: Determine the d Orbitals
- In the case of sp³d hybridization, we need to identify which d orbital can participate in the hybridization. The d orbitals available are:
- dxy
- dxz
- dx²-y²
- dz²

### Step 4: Analyze the d Orbitals
- The dz² orbital has a unique shape known as the double dumbbell, which allows it to effectively overlap with the s and p orbitals to form the required hybrid orbitals for bonding in a trigonal bipyramidal arrangement.
- The other d orbitals (dxy, dxz, and dx²-y²) do not align as effectively with the geometry required for sp³d hybridization.

### Step 5: Conclusion
- Therefore, the d orbital that is involved in sp³d hybridization is **dz²**.

### Final Answer:
The d orbital involved in sp³d hybridization is **dz²**.

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