Name the method of refining of the following metals :
(a) Hg (b) Sn (c) Cu (d) Ge (e) Ni (f) Zr

Answer

To answer the question about the methods of refining for the specified metals, we will go through each metal one by one and identify the appropriate refining method.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Mercury (Hg)**:
- The method used for refining mercury is **distillation**. This is a type of pyrometallurgical extraction where mercury is separated from its ores by heating and collecting the vapor.

2. **Tin (Sn)**:
- The refining method for tin is **liquidation**. In this process, the mixture containing tin is heated to a temperature where impurities liquefy, allowing pure tin to remain solid and be separated.

3. **Copper (Cu)**:
- The method for refining copper is **electrolytic refining**. This involves using electrolysis, where copper is oxidized at the anode and reduced at the cathode, resulting in the deposition of pure copper.

4. **Germanium (Ge)**:
- The refining method for germanium is **zone refining**. This method is particularly effective for semiconductors like germanium, where a molten zone is moved along the solid material to purify it.

5. **Nickel (Ni)**:
- The refining method for nickel is the **Mond process**. In this process, impure nickel is reacted with carbon monoxide to form nickel carbonyl, which is then decomposed to yield pure nickel.

6. **Zirconium (Zr)**:
- The refining method for zirconium is the **Van Arkel process**. This involves reacting zirconium with iodine to form zirconium iodide, which is then decomposed at high temperatures to obtain pure zirconium.

### Summary of Refining Methods:
- (a) Hg - Distillation
- (b) Sn - Liquidation
- (c) Cu - Electrolytic refining
- (d) Ge - Zone refining
- (e) Ni - Mond process
- (f) Zr - Van Arkel process