Which of the following statement is correct ?

Options

A. Gluonic acid is a dicarboxylic acid
B. Gluconic acid is a partial oxidation product of glucose
C. Gluconic acid can form cyclic (aceta/hemiacetal) structure
D. Gluconic acid is obtained by oxidation of glucose with `HNO_3`

Answer

To determine which statement about gluconic acid is correct, we will evaluate each option step by step.

### Step 1: Analyze Option A
**Statement**: Gluconic acid is a dicarboxylic acid.

**Evaluation**:
- A dicarboxylic acid contains two carboxyl groups (–COOH).
- Gluconic acid has only one carboxyl group in its structure.
- Therefore, gluconic acid is classified as a monocarboxylic acid.

**Conclusion**: This statement is **incorrect**.

### Step 2: Analyze Option B
**Statement**: Gluconic acid is a partial oxidation product of glucose.

**Evaluation**:
- Glucose can undergo partial oxidation to form gluconic acid.
- This can be achieved using a mild oxidizing agent such as bromine water.
- Hence, gluconic acid is indeed derived from glucose through partial oxidation.

**Conclusion**: This statement is **correct**.

### Step 3: Analyze Option C
**Statement**: Gluconic acid can form cyclic structures like acetals or hemiacetals.

**Evaluation**:
- Cyclic structures can form from sugars, but gluconic acid has a carboxyl group that affects its ability to form such structures.
- The presence of the carboxyl group makes the carbon less electrophilic, which inhibits the formation of cyclic structures.
- Therefore, gluconic acid does not typically form cyclic structures.

**Conclusion**: This statement is **incorrect**.

### Step 4: Analyze Option D
**Statement**: Gluconic acid is obtained by oxidation of glucose with nitric acid.

**Evaluation**:
- Using nitric acid for oxidation leads to complete oxidation of glucose, resulting in the formation of saccharic acid, not gluconic acid.
- Therefore, this statement is also incorrect.

**Conclusion**: This statement is **incorrect**.

### Final Conclusion
The only correct statement among the options provided is **Option B**: Gluconic acid is a partial oxidation product of glucose.

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