In some angiosperms and gymnosperms, the multiple embryos are produced in the following way/ways?

Options

A. By fertilization of synergids or antipodal cells by sperms
B. By cleavage of the single zygote
C. One or more cells of the nucellus or integument develops into embryo
D. All of these

Answer

To solve the question regarding how multiple embryos are produced in some angiosperms and gymnosperms, we can break down the information provided in the video transcript into clear steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Multiple Embryos**:
- Multiple embryos refer to the formation of more than one embryo from a single fertilization event or from other cellular divisions.

2. **Double Fertilization**:
- In some angiosperms, multiple embryos can be produced through a process called double fertilization.
- This occurs when the synergids or antipodal cells in the ovule are fertilized, leading to the formation of multiple embryos.

3. **Cleavage of a Single Zygote**:
- Another way multiple embryos can be formed is through the cleavage of a single zygote.
- After fertilization, the zygote can undergo mitotic divisions, leading to the formation of two or more embryos from the original zygote.

4. **Division of New Cellulose or Integument Cells**:
- Additionally, multiple embryos can arise from the division of one or more cells of the new cellulose or integument.
- These cells can also undergo division, contributing to the formation of multiple embryos.

5. **Conclusion**:
- All the mentioned methods (double fertilization, cleavage of a zygote, and division of new cellulose or integument cells) can lead to the production of multiple embryos in angiosperms and gymnosperms.
- Therefore, the correct answer is that multiple embryos are produced through all of these ways.

### Final Answer:
Multiple embryos in some angiosperms and gymnosperms are produced by:
- Double fertilization of synergids or antipodal cells.
- Cleavage of a single zygote.
- Division of one or more cells of new cellulose or integument.
Thus, all of these methods are correct.

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