Which lupine was excavated from the tundra that germinated and flowered after a record 10,000 years?

Options

A. Lupinus polyphyllus
B. Lupinus Lepidus
C. Lupinus littoralis
D. Lupinus arcticus

Answer

To solve the question about which lupine was excavated from the tundra and germinated after 10,000 years, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Identify the Context**: The question refers to a specific type of lupine that has historical significance due to its age. The context involves paleobotany and the germination of ancient seeds.

2. **Recall Historical Findings**: In 1967, a significant discovery was made regarding ancient seeds. These seeds were found in the tundra, which is a cold, treeless region characterized by permafrost.

3. **Determine the Age of the Seeds**: The seeds in question were dated back to the Paleocene period, which indicates they were approximately 10,000 years old.

4. **Germination of the Seeds**: The remarkable aspect of this discovery was that the seeds were able to germinate and produce new plants after being dormant for such an extended period.

5. **Identify the Specific Lupine**: The specific lupine that was excavated and successfully germinated is known as **Lupinus articus**.

6. **Conclusion**: Therefore, the answer to the question is **Lupinus articus**, which is notable for being the oldest visible seed that germinated after 10,000 years.

### Final Answer:
The lupine that was excavated from the tundra and germinated after a record 10,000 years is **Lupinus articus**.