Which of the following does not control heart beats?

Options

A. Vagus
B. Epinephrine
C. Norepinephrine
D. Glossopharyngeal nerve

Answer

To determine which of the following does not control heartbeats, let's analyze each option provided:

1. **Vagus Nerve**:
- The vagus nerve is a crucial component of the parasympathetic nervous system. It plays a significant role in regulating heart rate by releasing acetylcholine, which slows down the heart rate. Therefore, this option does control heartbeats.

2. **Epinephrine (Adrenaline)**:
- Epinephrine is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands. It is released during stress and is known to increase heart rate, blood pressure, and energy availability. Thus, this hormone does control heartbeats.

3. **Norepinephrine**:
- Norepinephrine is another hormone and neurotransmitter that is also released by the adrenal glands and sympathetic nerve endings. It increases heart rate and blood pressure, contributing to the fight-or-flight response. Therefore, this option also controls heartbeats.

4. **Glossopharyngeal Nerve**:
- The glossopharyngeal nerve primarily has functions related to taste, swallowing, and the gag reflex. It does not have a direct role in regulating heart rate. Therefore, this option does not control heartbeats.

**Conclusion**: The option that does not control heartbeats is the **Glossopharyngeal nerve**.