Some of the steps involved in the production of humulin are given below. Choose the correct sequence
(1) Introduction of the recombinant plasmid into E . Coli.
(2) Extraction of a recombinant gene product from E. Coli.
(3) Culturing recombinant E .coli in bioreactors.
(4) Insertion of the human insulin gene into a plasmid.

Options

A. 2,1,4,3
B. 1,3,2,4
C. 4,1,3,2
D. 3,2,1,4

Answer

To determine the correct sequence of steps involved in the production of Humulin (human insulin), we need to analyze the steps provided in the question:

1. **Insertion of the human insulin gene into a plasmid.**
2. **Introduction of the recombinant plasmid into E. coli.**
3. **Culturing recombinant E. coli in bioreactors.**
4. **Extraction of a recombinant gene product from E. coli.**

Now, let's break down the steps in the correct order:

### Step 1: Insertion of the human insulin gene into a plasmid.
- The first step in producing Humulin is to insert the gene that codes for human insulin into a plasmid. This plasmid will serve as a vector to carry the insulin gene into the bacterial cells.

### Step 2: Introduction of the recombinant plasmid into E. coli.
- Once the plasmid contains the human insulin gene, the next step is to introduce this recombinant plasmid into E. coli bacteria. This process is known as transformation.

### Step 3: Culturing recombinant E. coli in bioreactors.
- After the E. coli has taken up the recombinant plasmid, the bacteria are cultured in bioreactors. This allows for the growth of a large population of E. coli that can produce the insulin protein.

### Step 4: Extraction of a recombinant gene product from E. coli.
- Finally, after sufficient growth and production of the insulin protein, the last step is to extract the recombinant insulin product from the E. coli cells.

### Correct Sequence:
Thus, the correct sequence of steps involved in the production of Humulin is:
1. Insertion of the human insulin gene into a plasmid (Step 4).
2. Introduction of the recombinant plasmid into E. coli (Step 1).
3. Culturing recombinant E. coli in bioreactors (Step 3).
4. Extraction of a recombinant gene product from E. coli (Step 2).

So, the correct order is: **4, 1, 3, 2**.