Jay fell ill after having sandwich which was kept in the refrigerator. But bacteria / viruses do not survive in cold temperatures , so which response must have the micro -organism adapted to in order to survive

Options

A. Migration
B. Conformation
C. Suspension
D. Regulation

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding the Problem**: The question states that Jay fell ill after consuming a sandwich kept in the refrigerator, where bacteria and viruses are generally unable to survive due to cold temperatures. We need to identify how these microorganisms could have adapted to survive in such an environment.

2. **Recognizing Microbial Behavior**: It is important to note that many microorganisms, including certain bacteria and viruses, can enter a dormant state when faced with unfavorable conditions, such as extreme cold. This dormancy allows them to survive until conditions become favorable again.

3. **Differentiating Survival Strategies**: There are various strategies that organisms use to cope with unfavorable environments:
- **Conformation**: This is when organisms cannot maintain homeostasis and their internal conditions change with the environment. However, this is not applicable to the microorganisms in question, as they cannot survive the extreme cold.
- **Regulation**: This involves maintaining stable internal conditions despite external changes. Most bacteria and viruses lack complex mechanisms for regulation.
- **Migration**: Some organisms can move to more favorable environments. However, bacteria and viruses do not have the ability to migrate.
- **Suspension (Dormancy)**: This is the strategy in which microorganisms enter a dormant state to survive unfavorable conditions. They essentially halt their metabolic processes until conditions improve.

4. **Conclusion**: In the case of the sandwich kept in the refrigerator, the microorganisms present likely entered a dormant state (suspension) to survive the cold temperatures. Once the sandwich was consumed, the conditions in the human body became favorable for these microorganisms to reactivate and multiply, leading to illness.

5. **Final Answer**: The microorganisms adapted by entering a state of suspension (dormancy) to survive the cold temperatures in the refrigerator.

---