Reena gave birth to a mentally retarded child who also had stunted growth . The doctor informed that the child's condition was because of some endocrine problem in the mother during pregnancy . Which of the following is most likely to be the cause ?

Options

A. Low GH from Pituitary gland
B. Excessive Glucocorticoids from adrenal glands
C. Low secretion of parathyroid hormone
D. Low secretion of thyroid hormones from thyroid gland

Answer

To solve the question regarding the cause of Reena's child's condition, we will analyze the possible endocrine problems that could lead to mental retardation and stunted growth.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Symptoms**: The child is described as mentally retarded and having stunted growth. These symptoms suggest a significant developmental issue that may stem from the mother's health during pregnancy.

2. **Identifying Endocrine Glands**: The endocrine system consists of various glands that secrete hormones, which regulate numerous bodily functions. We need to focus on which gland's dysfunction during pregnancy could lead to the observed symptoms in the child.

3. **Evaluating Hormones**:
- **Growth Hormone (GH)**: Produced by the pituitary gland, GH is crucial for growth during childhood and adolescence. However, its role diminishes during pregnancy, and low levels of GH are not typically linked to severe developmental issues in the fetus.
- **Glucocorticoids**: These hormones, primarily cortisol from the adrenal glands, regulate metabolism and stress response. Excessive glucocorticoids do not directly cause mental retardation or stunted growth in the fetus.
- **Parathyroid Hormone**: This hormone regulates calcium levels in the blood. While important, low levels during pregnancy are not associated with the severe developmental issues described.
- **Thyroid Hormones (T3 and T4)**: The thyroid gland produces these hormones, which are critical for metabolism and development. A deficiency in thyroid hormones during pregnancy can lead to serious developmental disorders in the child, including cretinism, which is characterized by stunted growth and mental retardation.

4. **Conclusion**: Based on the analysis, the most likely cause of the child’s condition is a deficiency of thyroid hormones in the mother during pregnancy. This aligns with the symptoms of mental retardation and stunted growth observed in the child.

### Final Answer:
The correct answer is **D. Low levels of thyroid hormones in the mother during pregnancy**.

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