Other than gene therapy , which of the following temporary remedies have been previously used for treating ADA deficiency ?

Options

A. Therapy with monoclonal antibodies
B. Bone marrow transplantation
C. Plasma therapy
D. Treatment with antibiotics or vaccines

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding ADA Deficiency**:
- ADA (Adenosine Deaminase) deficiency is a genetic disorder characterized by the lack of the ADA enzyme, which is crucial for the proper functioning of the immune system. Without this enzyme, the immune system cannot effectively respond to pathogens.

2. **Identifying Temporary Remedies**:
- Since ADA deficiency is genetic, it cannot be permanently cured by temporary remedies. However, several methods have been used to manage the symptoms and improve the immune function temporarily.

3. **Monoclonal Antibodies**:
- One of the temporary remedies is the administration of monoclonal antibodies. These antibodies can provide passive immunity by fighting against foreign particles and pathogens in the body, compensating for the immune function lost due to ADA deficiency.

4. **Bone Marrow Transplantation**:
- Another method is bone marrow transplantation. This involves transplanting bone marrow from a healthy donor, which contains functional ADA-producing cells. This can temporarily restore ADA levels in the patient.

5. **Plasma Therapy**:
- Plasma therapy has also been used as a temporary remedy. In this method, plasma containing functional components is introduced into the patient’s body to help manage the deficiency.

6. **Enzyme Replacement Therapy**:
- Enzyme replacement therapy is another approach where the functional ADA enzyme is injected into the patient. However, this is also temporary as the injected enzyme will eventually be broken down or used up by the body.

7. **Conclusion**:
- The temporary remedies that have been used to treat ADA deficiency include monoclonal antibodies, bone marrow transplantation, plasma therapy, and enzyme replacement therapy. However, antibiotics or vaccines are not applicable in this context as ADA deficiency is not caused by pathogens.

### Final Answer:
The temporary remedies previously used for treating ADA deficiency include:
- Monoclonal antibodies
- Bone marrow transplantation
- Plasma therapy
- Enzyme replacement therapy