Select the incorrect statement:
(a) species diversity increases as we move from the poles towards the equator.
(b) The number of species in tropical rain forests is minimum.
(c) Columbia has nearly 1400 species of birds.
(d) Diversity of communities over a landscape is termed as .. diversity.

Options

A. (a) and (b)
B. (c) and (d)
C. (b) and (d)
D. (a) and (c)

Answer

To solve the question, we need to evaluate each statement provided and identify which one is incorrect.

1. **Statement (a)**: "Species diversity increases as we move from the poles towards the equator."
- This statement is **correct**. Research shows that biodiversity tends to increase as one moves closer to the equator due to favorable climatic conditions, such as warmer temperatures and higher rainfall.

2. **Statement (b)**: "The number of species in tropical rain forests is minimum."
- This statement is **incorrect**. Tropical rainforests are known for their high biodiversity and are among the most species-rich ecosystems on Earth. They have a vast number of species due to the warm climate and abundant rainfall.

3. **Statement (c)**: "Colombia has nearly 1400 species of birds."
- This statement is **correct**. Colombia is recognized as one of the countries with the highest bird diversity in the world, with around 1400 species of birds.

4. **Statement (d)**: "Diversity of communities over a landscape is termed as .. diversity."
- This statement is incomplete, but it refers to a concept in ecology. The term that fits here is "beta diversity," which refers to the diversity of species between different communities or ecosystems.

Now, we need to select the incorrect statement from the options provided.

The incorrect statement is:
**(b) The number of species in tropical rain forests is minimum.**

### Summary of the solution:
- (a) is correct.
- (b) is incorrect.
- (c) is correct.
- (d) is correct but incomplete.