Match the organism with its related contribution in the field of biotechnology.
`{:(,"Column-I",,"Column-II"),(1,"Escherichia coli",I,1^(st)rDNA),(2,"Agrobacterium tumefaciens",II,pBR322),(3,"Thermus aquaticus",III,"Ti plasmid"),(4,"Salmonella typhimurium",IV,"Polymerase used in PCR"):}`

Options

A. 1 - I , 2 - III , 3 - II , 4 - IV
B. 1 - II, 2 - III , 3 - IV , 4 - I
C. 1 - III , 2 - IV , 3-IV , 4 - I
D. 1 - II , 2 - I , 3 - IV , 4 - III

Answer

To solve the question of matching organisms with their contributions in the field of biotechnology, we will analyze each organism and its associated contribution step by step.

### Step 1: Identify the contributions of each organism
1. **Escherichia coli (E. coli)**: This bacterium is widely used in molecular cloning and is known for its role in recombinant DNA technology. The plasmid pBR322 was one of the first vectors used for cloning in E. coli.

2. **Agrobacterium tumefaciens**: This bacterium is known for its ability to transfer DNA to plants, specifically through the Ti plasmid (tumor-inducing plasmid). It is used in plant genetic engineering.

3. **Thermus aquaticus**: This thermophilic bacterium is known for its heat-stable DNA polymerase, which is used in the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The enzyme is crucial for amplifying DNA.

4. **Salmonella typhimurium**: This bacterium has been used in various genetic studies and was instrumental in the development of recombinant DNA technology.

### Step 2: Match the organisms with their contributions
Now we will match each organism with its respective contribution based on the information gathered:

- **Escherichia coli**: Matches with **pBR322** (II)
- **Agrobacterium tumefaciens**: Matches with **Ti plasmid** (III)
- **Thermus aquaticus**: Matches with **Polymerase used in PCR** (IV)
- **Salmonella typhimurium**: Matches with **1st rDNA** (I)

### Step 3: Present the final matches
Now we can summarize the matches:
1. **Escherichia coli** → **pBR322** (II)
2. **Agrobacterium tumefaciens** → **Ti plasmid** (III)
3. **Thermus aquaticus** → **Polymerase used in PCR** (IV)
4. **Salmonella typhimurium** → **1st rDNA** (I)

### Final Answer:
The correct matches are:
1. E. coli → II (pBR322)
2. Agrobacterium tumefaciens → III (Ti plasmid)
3. Thermus aquaticus → IV (Polymerase used in PCR)
4. Salmonella typhimurium → I (1st rDNA)