From the following, identify the pair of species that shows co-evolution.

Options

A. Fig trees and pollinator species of wasp
B. Fungus and cyanobacteria
C. Sea anemone and clown fish
D. All of them

Answer

To identify the pair of species that shows co-evolution from the given options, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understand Co-evolution**: Co-evolution refers to the process where two or more species influence each other's evolutionary trajectory. This often occurs in mutualistic relationships where both species benefit from the interaction.

**Hint**: Look for relationships where both species depend on each other for survival or reproduction.

2. **Analyze the Options**:
- **a. Fig tree and pollinator species of wasps**: This is a classic example of co-evolution. The fig tree relies on specific wasps for pollination, and in return, the wasps use the fig for laying their eggs. Both species have evolved together to benefit from each other.

- **b. Fungus and cyanobacteria**: This relationship is known as lichen, where both organisms benefit, but it is not a clear example of co-evolution as seen in the fig-wasp relationship.

- **c. Sea anemone and clownfish**: This is another mutualistic relationship where clownfish find shelter in sea anemones and provide protection in return. However, it does not exhibit the same level of co-evolution as the fig and wasp.

- **d. All of them**: This option suggests that all the pairs exhibit co-evolution, which is not accurate based on the definitions provided.

3. **Identify the Correct Answer**: After analyzing the relationships, the pair that shows clear co-evolution is the fig tree and pollinator species of wasps.

**Final Answer**: The correct answer is **a. Fig tree and pollinator species of wasps**.

### Summary:
The fig tree and its pollinator wasps demonstrate co-evolution due to their mutual dependence on each other for reproduction and survival.