A place , which used to be rocky and barren, has now turned into a lush green forest . The plant succession of the area is

Options

A. Lichen , moss, herbs, shrubs
B. Moss, lichen, herbs, shrubs
C. Lichen , moss ,shrubs, herbs
D. Shrubs, herbs , moss lichen

Answer

To determine the plant succession in an area that has transformed from rocky and barren to a lush green forest, we can break down the process into several key steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Identify the Initial Condition**: The area starts as rocky and barren, which indicates that it lacks soil and vegetation.

2. **Pioneer Species Introduction**: The first organisms to colonize this barren land are known as pioneer species. In this case, lichen is identified as the pioneer species. Lichens are capable of surviving in harsh conditions and play a crucial role in breaking down the rock substrate.

3. **Rock Weathering**: Lichens secrete acids that help dissolve the rocks, leading to the formation of soil. This process is essential as it creates a substrate that can support further plant growth.

4. **Moss Growth**: Once the rocks have been weathered and some soil has formed, mosses begin to grow. Mosses are small, non-vascular plants that can thrive in this newly formed soil.

5. **Development of Herbs**: Following the establishment of mosses, larger plants known as herbs start to grow. Herbs have more developed structures compared to mosses and contribute to further soil development.

6. **Shrub Formation**: As the soil continues to improve and deepen, shrubs begin to establish themselves. Shrubs have deeper roots and can access more nutrients and water.

7. **Tree Growth**: Finally, as the ecosystem matures, larger trees begin to grow. These trees represent the climax community of this succession process, resulting in a lush green forest.

### Conclusion:
The plant succession in this area follows a sequence from lichen (pioneer species) to moss, then to herbs, followed by shrubs, and finally culminating in trees. This entire process is known as **Zeraj** or primary succession.