Which of the following is the use of biotechnology in modern agriculture ?

Options

A. Dependency of crops on chemical pesticides has reduced
B. Genetic modification has made the crops more tolerant to abiotic stresses
C. Have reduced post - harvest losses
D. all of the above

Answer

To solve the question regarding the use of biotechnology in modern agriculture, we will analyze each option provided and determine their validity based on the principles of biotechnology.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Biotechnology in Agriculture**:
- Biotechnology involves the manipulation of living organisms or their components to develop products that enhance agricultural productivity. This includes genetic modification, which allows for the introduction of desirable traits into crops.

2. **Analyzing the Options**:
- The question presents several options related to the uses of biotechnology in agriculture. We need to evaluate each one.

3. **Option 1: Reduced Dependency on Chemical Pesticides**:
- With the introduction of genetically modified (GM) crops that are resistant to pests, the need for chemical pesticides has decreased. For example, Bt cotton is engineered to express a bacterial toxin that is harmful to specific pests, reducing the reliance on chemical sprays.

4. **Option 2: Genetically Modified Crops Tolerant to Abiotic Stresses**:
- Biotechnology has enabled the development of crops that can withstand abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, and extreme temperatures. For instance, certain varieties of crops have been engineered to survive in harsh environmental conditions.

5. **Option 3: Reduced Post-Harvest Losses**:
- Biotechnology has also contributed to reducing post-harvest losses. An example is the "Flavr Savr" tomato, which has been modified to delay ripening, allowing for longer shelf life and easier transportation, thus minimizing spoilage.

6. **Conclusion**:
- Since all three options are valid uses of biotechnology in modern agriculture, the correct answer to the question is "all of the above."

### Final Answer:
- **All of the above** (Reduced dependency on chemical pesticides, genetically modified crops tolerant to abiotic stresses, and reduced post-harvest losses).