Which of the following statements regarding fertilization is/are correct ?
(i) The acrosome is filled with hydrolytic enzymes which help in dissolving the membrane of the ovum at the time of fertilization.
(ii) Vitelline membrane is the first membrane to be faced by sperms while trying to fuse with the ovum .
(iii) There must be synchronicity in the release of ovum and entry of sperm for the formation of zygote .
(iv) The meiotic division of the secondary oocyte is concluded with the entry of male gamete.

Options

A. i and ii only
B. ii and iii only
C. i ,iii and iv
D. i,ii and iv

Answer

To determine which statements regarding fertilization are correct, let's analyze each statement step by step.

### Step 1: Analyze Statement (i)
**Statement:** The acrosome is filled with hydrolytic enzymes which help in dissolving the membrane of the ovum at the time of fertilization.

**Analysis:** This statement is correct. The acrosome is a cap-like structure located at the head of the sperm and contains hydrolytic enzymes. These enzymes are crucial for breaking down the protective layers surrounding the ovum, allowing the sperm to penetrate and fertilize the egg.

### Step 2: Analyze Statement (ii)
**Statement:** Vitelline membrane is the first membrane to be faced by sperms while trying to fuse with the ovum.

**Analysis:** This statement is incorrect. The first layer that the sperm encounters is the corona radiata, which is a layer of follicular cells surrounding the ovum. The vitelline membrane is located beneath the zona pellucida and is not the first membrane that the sperm interacts with.

### Step 3: Analyze Statement (iii)
**Statement:** There must be synchronicity in the release of ovum and entry of sperm for the formation of zygote.

**Analysis:** This statement is correct. For fertilization to occur, the timing of ovum release (ovulation) and the entry of sperm into the female reproductive tract must coincide. If the sperm reaches the ovum after it has disintegrated or moved out of the fallopian tube, fertilization will not occur.

### Step 4: Analyze Statement (iv)
**Statement:** The meiotic division of the secondary oocyte is concluded with the entry of the male gamete.

**Analysis:** This statement is correct. The secondary oocyte is arrested in metaphase II of meiosis and will only complete its meiotic division upon fertilization by the sperm. The entry of the sperm triggers the completion of meiosis, resulting in the formation of the ovum and a second polar body.

### Conclusion
Based on the analysis:
- **Correct Statements:** (i), (iii), and (iv)
- **Incorrect Statement:** (ii)

### Final Answer
The correct statements regarding fertilization are (i), (iii), and (iv).

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