All are in situ conservation efforts , except

Options

A. National parks
B. Sanctuaries
C. Herb gardens
D. Biosphere reserves

Answer

To solve the question "All are in situ conservation efforts, except," we need to understand the definitions of in situ and ex situ conservation methods.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Define In Situ Conservation**: In situ conservation refers to the conservation of species in their natural habitats. This includes protecting the ecosystems and natural habitats where these species live.

2. **Identify In Situ Conservation Examples**: Common examples of in situ conservation methods include:
- **National Parks**: Protected areas established to conserve wildlife and natural resources.
- **Wildlife Sanctuaries**: Areas where animals are protected from hunting and habitat destruction.
- **Biosphere Reserves**: Areas designated to promote sustainable development and conservation of biodiversity.

3. **Define Ex Situ Conservation**: Ex situ conservation involves the preservation of species outside their natural habitats. This can include:
- **Zoos**: Facilities where animals are kept in controlled environments for conservation and education.
- **Botanical Gardens**: Gardens dedicated to the collection, cultivation, and display of a wide range of plants.
- **Seed Banks**: Facilities that store seeds to preserve genetic diversity.

4. **Analyze the Options**:
- **A. National Parks**: In situ conservation.
- **B. Sanctuaries**: In situ conservation.
- **C. Herb Gardens**: Typically, herb gardens are cultivated and maintained outside of their natural habitats, which aligns more with ex situ conservation.
- **D. Biosphere Reserves**: In situ conservation.

5. **Conclusion**: Since herb gardens do not conserve species in their natural habitat, the correct answer is **C. Herb Gardens**.

### Final Answer:
C. Herb Gardens