Explain the objectives of mixed cropping. How are crops selected for mixed cropping.

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Definition of Mixed Cropping**:
- Mixed cropping is an agricultural practice where two or more different crops are grown simultaneously on the same piece of land. This method involves partitioning the land into sections where different types of crops are cultivated.

2. **Objectives of Mixed Cropping**:
- **Soil Fertility Improvement**: One of the primary objectives of mixed cropping is to enhance soil fertility. Different crops have varying nutrient requirements and can contribute to soil health by replenishing nutrients.
- **Risk Reduction**: Growing multiple crops reduces the risk of total crop failure due to pests, diseases, or adverse weather conditions. If one crop fails, others may still thrive.
- **Increased Yield**: Mixed cropping can lead to higher overall yields compared to monoculture (growing a single crop) because it maximizes the use of available resources such as sunlight, water, and nutrients.
- **Pest and Disease Management**: The diversity of crops can help in managing pests and diseases, as certain crops may repel pests that would otherwise harm other crops.
- **Efficient Use of Resources**: Different crops may have varying root depths and growth habits, allowing them to utilize different layers of soil and resources more effectively.

3. **Selection of Crops for Mixed Cropping**:
- **Complementary Growth**: When selecting crops for mixed cropping, it is important to choose crops that complement each other in terms of growth habits and nutrient requirements. For example, a deep-rooted crop can be grown alongside a shallow-rooted crop to maximize resource utilization.
- **Nutrient Fixation**: Some crops, like legumes, are known for their ability to fix nitrogen in the soil. These can be planted alongside nitrogen-demanding crops (like wheat) to improve soil fertility.
- **Harvesting Time**: Crop selection also considers the harvesting time. Fast-maturing crops can be planted with slower-maturing ones, allowing for staggered harvesting and efficient land use.
- **Market Demand**: Farmers may also consider market demand and profitability when selecting crops for mixed cropping to ensure economic viability.