The stem of fruit tree X fixed in soil is cut in a slanting way. The upper part of stem of another fruit tree Y of different variety of same species is also cut in a slanting way. The cut stem of tree Y, without roots but having some leaves, is placed over the rooted cut stem of tree X in such a way that their cut surfaces fit. together properly. While joining the two cut stems, care is taken to make sure taken to make sure that the layer Z of one cut stem is in contact with layer Z of the other cut stem. The joint of cut stem is bound tightly with a piece of cloth and covered properly with polythene. Soon the cut heals and the two stem grow together and become one fruit tree producing leaves, flowers and frits.
(a) What is the name of this method of producing plants or trees ?
(b) What name is given to the cut stem of tree X having roots?
(c) What name is given to the cut stem of tree Y which has no roots but has some leaves
(d) Name the layer Z.
(e) Why should the layer Z of one cut stem be in contact with the layer Z of the other cut steam ?
(f) Name any four fruit trees which are usually bred by this technique.
(g) State any one advantage of producing fruit tress by this technique

Answer

(a) Grafting (b) Stock (c) Scion (d) Cambium layer (e) Because the layer Z (called combium layer ) in the stem is responsible for growth (f) Apple, peach, in fruits