Explain the following given examples:
`{:((a),"saturated solution",(b)"pure substance"),((c ),"colloid",(d)"suspension"):}`

Explanation

(a) Saturated solution. A solution in which on more solute can be dissolved at that temperature, is called a saturated solution. For example, if in an aqueous salt solution, no more salt can be dissolved at that temperature, than that salt solution will be a saturated solution. Thus, a saurated solution contains the maximum amount of solute whihc can be dissolved in it at that temperature. For example, a maximum of 36 grams of sodium chlorede (common salt) can be dissolved in 100 grams of water at `20^(@)C,` so a saturated solution of sodium chloride at `20^(@)C` contains 36 grams of sodium chloride dissolved in 100 grams of water.
(b) Pure substance. See Q. No. 1 on pages 225 of this book.
(c ) Colloid. A colloid is a kind of solution in which the size of solute particles is intermediate between those in true solutions and those in suspension. The size of solute particles in a colloid is bigger than the of a true solution but smaller than those of a supernsion. Though colloids appear to be homogeneous to us but actually they are found to be hetergeneous when observed through a high power microscope. So, a colloid is not a true solution. Some of the examples of colloids (or colloidal solutions) are: Sope solution, starch solution, Milk, Ink, Blood, Jelly and solutions of synthetic detergents. Colloids are also known as colloidal solutions.
(d) Suspension. A suspension is a hetergeneous mixture in which the small particles of a solid are spread throughout a liquid without siddolving in it. Some common example of suspension are: Chalk-water mixture, Muddy water, Milk of Magnesia Sand particles suspended in water, and Flour in water. Chalk-water mixture is suspensinon of fine chalk particles in water, muddy water is a suspension of soil particles in water, and milk of Magnesia is a suspension of magnesium hydroxide in water. Please note that solid particles and water remain separate in a suspension. The particles do not dissolve in water.