All the students of class 9 were performing experiments to study the types of solutions in the science laboratory. Vikalp took some water in a beaker and heated it slowly with the help of a burner.He starded adding postassium nitrate to the hot water with a spoon and stirred it with a glass rod continuously, so that potassium nitrate goes on dissolving in water. Vikalp took the temperature of water up to `40^(@)C`, and then keeping the temperature constant, went on adding more and more of potassium nitrate to water, till no more potassium nitrate dissolved in it and some potassium nitrate is also left undissolved at the bottom of beaker. The contents of the beaker are now filtered through a filter paper arranged in a funnel. A clear solution is obtained in the form of a filtrate
(a) Depending upon the amount of solute present, the solution can be classified into two groups. Name these two groups of solution
(b) What type of potassium nitrate solution prepared by Vikalp at `40^(@)C` ? Define the type of solution prepared by Vikalp
(c) What will happen if the potassium nitrate solution prepaerd by Vikalp at `40^(@)C` ? is heated further (say to `60^(@)C`) ? Give reason for your answer
(d) What will happen if the potassium nitrate solution prepared by Vikalp at `40^(@)C` is allowed to cool (say to `20^(@)C`) ? Give reason for your answer
(e) Which term/phrase can be used to convey that a maximum of 106 grams of potassium nitrate can be dissolved in 100 grams of water at a temperature of `60^(@)C` ?
(f) What values are displayed by Vikalp in this episode ?

Explanation

(a) (i) Saturated solutions, and (ii) Unsaturated solutions
(b) (i) Vikap has prepared a saturated solution of potassium nitrate at `40^(@)C`
(ii) A solution in which no more solute (here potassium nitrate) can be dissolved at that temperature, is called a saturated solution
(c) If the saturated solution of potassium nitrate at `40^(@)C` is heated further to a higher temperature, then it will become an unsaturated solution (and more of potassium nitrate can then be dissolved in it). This is because the solubility of potassium nitrate in water increases on heating (or raising the temperature)
(d) If the saturated solution potassium nitrate at `40^(@)C` is allowed to cool, then some of the dissolve potassium nitrate from the solution will separate out as a solid and settle down at the bottom of the beaker. This is because the solubility of potassium nitrate in water decreases on cooling (or lowering the temperature)
(e) The solubility of potassium nitrate in water is 106g at `60^(@)C`
(f) The values displayed by Vikalp in this episode are (i) Awareness of saturated and saturated solutions (ii) Knowledge of effect of heating and cooling on saturated solutions, and (iii) Applications of knowledge in solving problems.