A 10 cm column of air is trapped by a column of Hg, 8 cm long, in a capillary tube horizontally fixed as shown below, at 1 atm pressure. Calculate the length of air column when the tube is fixed at the same temperature (a) vertically with open end uup (b) vertically with open end down .

Explanation

To solve the problem, we will calculate the length of the air column in two scenarios: (a) when the tube is vertical with the open end up, and (b) when the tube is vertical with the open end down.

### Given Data:
- Length of air column (L1) = 10 cm
- Length of mercury column (h) = 8 cm
- Atmospheric pressure (P_atm) = 76 cm Hg

### Part (a): Tube Vertically with Open End Up
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