Classify the following into polar and non-polar molecules:
(i) `CO_(2)`, (ii) `CHCI_(3)`, (iii) `C CI_(4)`, (iv) `CH_(3)OCH_(3)`,
(v) `C_(2)H_(5)OH`, (vi) `C_(2)H_(6)`, (vii) `CH_(2)CI_(2)`, (viii) `NH_(3)`, (ix) `H_(2)O`, (x) `CH_(3)CI`.

Answer

To classify the given molecules into polar and non-polar categories, we need to analyze their molecular structures and the presence of dipole moments. Here’s a step-by-step solution:

### Step 1: Analyze `CO₂`
- **Structure**: Linear molecule with two oxygen atoms bonded to a central carbon atom.
- **Dipole Moment**: The dipole moments of the two C=O bonds are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction, resulting in a net dipole moment of zero.
- **Classification**: **Non-polar**

### Step 2: Analyze `CHCl₃`
- **Structure**: A central carbon atom bonded to one hydrogen and three chlorine atoms.
- **Dipole Moment**: The three C-Cl bonds create a net dipole moment directed towards the chlorine atoms, as chlorine is more electronegative than hydrogen.
- **Classification**: **Polar**

### Step 3: Analyze `CCl₄`
- **Structure**: A central carbon atom bonded to four chlorine atoms.
- **Dipole Moment**: The symmetrical arrangement of the C-Cl bonds results in equal and opposite dipole moments, leading to a net dipole moment of zero.
- **Classification**: **Non-polar**

### Step 4: Analyze `CH₃OCH₃`
- **Structure**: A central oxygen atom bonded to two methyl (CH₃) groups.
- **Dipole Moment**: The molecule has a symmetrical structure, and the dipole moments of the C-O bonds cancel each other out.
- **Classification**: **Non-polar**

### Step 5: Analyze `C₂H₅OH`
- **Structure**: Ethanol, which has a hydroxyl (-OH) group attached to an ethyl group (C₂H₅).
- **Dipole Moment**: The -OH bond creates a significant dipole moment directed towards the oxygen, resulting in a net dipole moment.
- **Classification**: **Polar**

### Step 6: Analyze `C₂H₆`
- **Structure**: Ethane, consisting of two carbon atoms and six hydrogen atoms.
- **Dipole Moment**: The symmetrical structure leads to no net dipole moment.
- **Classification**: **Non-polar**

### Step 7: Analyze `CH₂Cl₂`
- **Structure**: A central carbon atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms and two chlorine atoms.
- **Dipole Moment**: The dipole moments from the C-Cl bonds do not cancel out due to the asymmetrical arrangement, resulting in a net dipole moment.
- **Classification**: **Polar**

### Step 8: Analyze `NH₃`
- **Structure**: Ammonia, with a nitrogen atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms and one lone pair.
- **Dipole Moment**: The lone pair creates an asymmetrical distribution of charge, resulting in a net dipole moment directed towards the nitrogen.
- **Classification**: **Polar**

### Step 9: Analyze `H₂O`
- **Structure**: Water, with an oxygen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms and two lone pairs.
- **Dipole Moment**: The bent shape and the presence of lone pairs create a significant net dipole moment directed towards the oxygen.
- **Classification**: **Polar**

### Step 10: Analyze `CH₃Cl`
- **Structure**: A central carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms and one chlorine atom.
- **Dipole Moment**: The C-Cl bond creates a dipole moment directed towards chlorine, resulting in a net dipole moment.
- **Classification**: **Polar**

### Summary of Classifications:
- **Non-polar**: `CO₂`, `CCl₄`, `CH₃OCH₃`, `C₂H₆`
- **Polar**: `CHCl₃`, `C₂H₅OH`, `CH₂Cl₂`, `NH₃`, `H₂O`, `CH₃Cl`