What are the methods of artificial propagation ?

Explanation

Artificial propagation :
(1) Cutting : Some plants can grow individually when a piece of the parent plant having bud is cut off from the existing plant . The lower part of this cutting is buried in moist soil . After few days the cut parts having buds grow as an individual plant after developing roots . E.g. Rose, Hibiscus.

(2) Layering : A branch of the plant with atleast one node is bent towards the ground and part of it is covered with moist soil. After a few days new roots develop from the part of the branch buried in the soil. The branch is then cut off from the parent plant .
E.g : Nerium, Jasmine

(3) Grafting : (1) Two plants are joined together in such a way that two stems join and grow as a single plant. (2) This technique is very sueful in propagating improved varieties of various flowers and fruits. (3) Grafting is used to obtain a plant with desirable character. E.g : Mango, citrus , apple , rose.