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S(N)1 reaction is favoured by...

`S_(N)1` reaction is favoured by

A

Polarity of the solvent

B

Dielectric constant of the solvent

C

Both A and B

D

None of the above

Text Solution

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The correct Answer is:
C
Both polarity and dielectric constant of the solvent favour `S_(N^(1))` mechanism.
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Statement -1 : Rate of S_(N)1 reaction is faster than that of S_(N)2 reaction Statement -2 : S_(N)2 reaction is favoured by polar aprotic solvent Statement -3 : S_(N)1 reaction involves racemization

The high reactivity of alkyl halides can be explained in tems of nature of C-X bond which is highly polarised covalent bond due to large difference in the electronegativities of carbon and halogen atom. This polarity is responsible for the nucleophilic substitution reaction of alkyl halides which mostly occur by S_(N^(1)) and S_(N^(2)) mechanisms. S_(N^(1)) reaction is a two step process and in the first step R-X ionises to give carbocation (slow process). In the second step the nucleophilic attacks the carbocation from either side to form the prodcut (fast process) . In S_(N^(1)) reaction there can be reacemization and inversion . S_(N^(1)) reaction is favoured by heavy (bulky) groups on the carbon atom attached to halogens. i.e., R_(3)C-Xgt R_(2)CH-Xgt R_CH_(2)X gt CH_(3)X. " In " S_(N^(2)) reaction the strong nucleophilie OH^(-) attacks from the opposite side of the chlorine atom to give an inyermediate (transition state). which breaks to yield the product (alcohol) and leaving (X^(-)) group. The alcohol has a configuration opposite to that of the bromide and is said to proceed with inversion of configuration. S_(N^(2)) reaction is favoured by small groups on the carbon atom attached to halogen i.e., CH_(3)-X gt R-CH_(2)X gt R_(2) CHX gt R_(3) C-X S_(N^(1)) reaction of optically active alkyl halide leads to :

The high reactivity of alkyl halides can be explained in tems of nature of C-X bond which is highly polarised covalent bond due to large difference in the electronegativities of carbon and halogen atom. This polarity is responsible for the nucleophilic substitution reaction of alkyl halides which mostly occur by S_(N^(1)) and S_(N^(2)) mechanisms. S_(N^(1)) reaction is a two step process and in the first step R-X ionises to give carbocation (slow process). In the second step the nucleophilic attacks the carbocation from either side to form the prodcut (fast process) . In S_(N^(1)) reaction there can be reacemization and inversion . S_(N^(1)) reaction is favoured by heavy (bulky) groups on the carbon atom attached to halogens. i.e., R_(3)C-Xgt R_(2)CH-Xgt R_CH_(2)X gt CH_(3)X. " In " S_(N^(2)) reaction the strong nucleophilie OH^(-) attacks from the opposite side of the chlorine atom to give an inyermediate (transition state). which breaks to yield the product (alcohol) and leaving (X^(-)) group. The alcohol has a configuration opposite to that of the bromide and is said to proceed with inversion of configuration. S_(N^(2)) reaction is favoured by small groups on the carbon atom attached to halogen i.e., CH_(3)-X gt R-CH_(2)X gt R_(2) CHX gt R_(3) C-X An S_(N^(2)) reaction at an asymmetric carbon of a compound always gives:

S_(N)1 reaction is faster in

DINESH PUBLICATION-ORGANIC COMPOUNDS WITH FUNCTIONAL GROUP CONTAINING HALOGENS -UNIT TEST - 5
  1. S(N)1 reaction is favoured by

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  2. Which one is not true for all the members of a homologous series

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  3. The number of secondary atoms in the following compounds are CH(3)un...

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  4. The alkane which has only primary hydrogen atoms is

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  5. Which of the following compounds have isopropyl group

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  6. The IUPAC name of following compound is {:(CH(2)=C-CH(2)-CH(3)),(" ...

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  7. The IUPAC name of is

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  8. The IUPAC name of the compound is

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  9. The IUPAC name of the followin poly functional

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  10. Assingn the IUPAC name to the following compound

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  11. The IUPAC name of

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  12. Mistake in the name but-1-ene ol is

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  13. Racemic mixture is formed ny mixing two:

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  14. Geometrical isomerism is not shon by

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  15. Among the following four structures I to IV I {:(" "CH(3))...

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  16. Which of the following compounds will show meso isomer ?

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  17. Which of the following compounds will show metamerism ?

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  18. Correct order of nucleophilicity is

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  19. The basic strength of underset(I)(CH-=C), underset(II)(CH(2)=CH), un...

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  20. Consider the following carbanions Correct order of stability is

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  21. Different hydrogen in overset(a)(C )H(3)overset(b)(C )H=overset(b)(C...

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