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S(N)1 reaction is favoured by...

`S_(N)1` reaction is favoured by

A

Non-polar solvents

B

Crowding at the `alpha`-carbon atom

C

Small groups on the carbon attached to the halogen atom

D

All the above

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The correct Answer is:
B
Bulky groups on the carbon atom attached to the halogen atom i.e, crowding at the `alpha`-carbon atom favours the `S_(N^(1))` mechanism.
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Statement -1 : Rate of S_(N)1 reaction is faster than that of S_(N)2 reaction Statement -2 : S_(N)2 reaction is favoured by polar aprotic solvent Statement -3 : S_(N)1 reaction involves racemization

The high reactivity of alkyl halides can be explained in tems of nature of C-X bond which is highly polarised covalent bond due to large difference in the electronegativities of carbon and halogen atom. This polarity is responsible for the nucleophilic substitution reaction of alkyl halides which mostly occur by S_(N^(1)) and S_(N^(2)) mechanisms. S_(N^(1)) reaction is a two step process and in the first step R-X ionises to give carbocation (slow process). In the second step the nucleophilic attacks the carbocation from either side to form the prodcut (fast process) . In S_(N^(1)) reaction there can be reacemization and inversion . S_(N^(1)) reaction is favoured by heavy (bulky) groups on the carbon atom attached to halogens. i.e., R_(3)C-Xgt R_(2)CH-Xgt R_CH_(2)X gt CH_(3)X. " In " S_(N^(2)) reaction the strong nucleophilie OH^(-) attacks from the opposite side of the chlorine atom to give an inyermediate (transition state). which breaks to yield the product (alcohol) and leaving (X^(-)) group. The alcohol has a configuration opposite to that of the bromide and is said to proceed with inversion of configuration. S_(N^(2)) reaction is favoured by small groups on the carbon atom attached to halogen i.e., CH_(3)-X gt R-CH_(2)X gt R_(2) CHX gt R_(3) C-X S_(N^(1)) reaction of optically active alkyl halide leads to :

The high reactivity of alkyl halides can be explained in tems of nature of C-X bond which is highly polarised covalent bond due to large difference in the electronegativities of carbon and halogen atom. This polarity is responsible for the nucleophilic substitution reaction of alkyl halides which mostly occur by S_(N^(1)) and S_(N^(2)) mechanisms. S_(N^(1)) reaction is a two step process and in the first step R-X ionises to give carbocation (slow process). In the second step the nucleophilic attacks the carbocation from either side to form the prodcut (fast process) . In S_(N^(1)) reaction there can be reacemization and inversion . S_(N^(1)) reaction is favoured by heavy (bulky) groups on the carbon atom attached to halogens. i.e., R_(3)C-Xgt R_(2)CH-Xgt R_CH_(2)X gt CH_(3)X. " In " S_(N^(2)) reaction the strong nucleophilie OH^(-) attacks from the opposite side of the chlorine atom to give an inyermediate (transition state). which breaks to yield the product (alcohol) and leaving (X^(-)) group. The alcohol has a configuration opposite to that of the bromide and is said to proceed with inversion of configuration. S_(N^(2)) reaction is favoured by small groups on the carbon atom attached to halogen i.e., CH_(3)-X gt R-CH_(2)X gt R_(2) CHX gt R_(3) C-X An S_(N^(2)) reaction at an asymmetric carbon of a compound always gives:

S_(N)1 reaction is faster in

DINESH PUBLICATION-ORGANIC COMPOUNDS WITH FUNCTIONAL GROUP CONTAINING HALOGENS -BRAIN TEASERS - 10
  1. The major product in the reaction CH(2)=CH-Cnoverset(HX)rarr ? Is

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  2. Which of the following reaction does not produce ethyne ?

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  3. Dehalogenation of vicinal dihalides with Zn/alc. Mainly produces

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  4. An organic compound with formula C(4)H(6)(X) gives precipitate of X an...

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  5. An organic compound with formula C(n)H(2n)O has mol. Mass 58. It posse...

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  6. The correct order of reactivity of the compounds (I) C(6)H(5)H(2)(Br...

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  7. An aromatic compound C(7)H(7)Cl on oxidation gives another aromatic co...

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  8. Consider the reaction Choose the correct statement

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  9. An organic compound A (C(4)H(10)O) has two enantiomeric forms and on d...

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  10. The correct name of compound given below is

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  11. S(N)1 reaction is favoured by

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  12. The number of sigma bonds in naphthalene molecule is :

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  13. The two isomeric compounds with formula C(5)H(10) are A and B. A decol...

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  14. Given three compounds X, Y, Z as 1, 2, dimethylcyclohexane (X), 4-meth...

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  15. Which compound on KMnO(4) oxidation yields phthalic acid ?

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  16. Which of the following compounds on reductive ozonolysis forms only gl...

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  17. 0.256 g of some nitrogenous compound was kjeldahlised and produced 0.1...

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  18. Which of the following compound on treatment with methanol is potassiu...

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  19. The alkene which will react with KMnO(4) to give pyruvic acid is

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  20. Acrylonitrile is given by reagents

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