Which of the following involves `dsp^(2)`-hybridisation and are square planar ?

Options

A. `[Cu(CN)_(4)]^(3-)`
B. `[Cu(NH_(3))_(4)]^(2+)`
C. `[Ni(CN)_(4)]^(2-)`
D. `[Pt(NH_(3))_(2)Cl_(2)]`

Explanation

To determine which of the given complexes involves `dsp²` hybridization and has a square planar geometry, let's analyze each option step by step.

### Step 1: Analyze Copper Tetrasynide (Cu(CN)₄)³⁻
1. **Oxidation State**: The oxidation state of copper (Cu) in this complex can be calculated as follows:
- Let the oxidation state of Cu be x.
- The charge of the complex is -3, and CN has a charge of -1 each. Thus, we have:
\[ x + 4(-1) = -3 \implies x - 4 = -3 \implies x = +1 \]
2. **Electronic Configuration**: The electronic configuration of Cu is [Ar] 4s¹ 3d¹⁰. For Cu⁺, we remove one electron from the 4s orbital:
- Configuration for Cu⁺: [Ar] 3d¹⁰.
3. **Hybridization**: Since there are 4 cyanide ligands, the hybridization will be:
- 3d¹⁰ does not have any unpaired electrons, so the hybridization is sp³.
4. **Geometry**: The geometry for sp³ hybridization is tetrahedral.

### Step 2: Analyze Copper Tetraamine (Cu(NH₃)₄)²⁺
1. **Oxidation State**: The oxidation state of Cu in this complex can be calculated similarly:
\[ x + 4(0) = +2 \implies x = +2 \]
2. **Electronic Configuration**: The electronic configuration for Cu²⁺ is:
- Configuration for Cu²⁺: [Ar] 3d⁹.
3. **Hybridization**: With 4 NH₃ ligands, which are strong field ligands, the hybridization will be:
- The 3d⁹ configuration allows for pairing, leading to dsp² hybridization.
4. **Geometry**: The geometry for dsp² hybridization is square planar.

### Step 3: Analyze Nickel Tetracyanide (Ni(CN)₄)²⁻
1. **Oxidation State**: The oxidation state of Ni can be calculated as follows:
\[ x + 4(-1) = -2 \implies x - 4 = -2 \implies x = +2 \]
2. **Electronic Configuration**: The electronic configuration for Ni²⁺ is:
- Configuration for Ni²⁺: [Ar] 3d⁸.
3. **Hybridization**: Cyanide is a strong field ligand, which leads to pairing of electrons:
- The hybridization will be dsp².
4. **Geometry**: The geometry for dsp² hybridization is square planar.

### Step 4: Analyze Platinum Amine Chloride (Pt(NH₃)₂Cl₂)
1. **Oxidation State**: The oxidation state of Pt can be calculated as follows:
\[ x + 2(0) + 2(-1) = +2 \implies x - 2 = +2 \implies x = +2 \]
2. **Electronic Configuration**: The electronic configuration for Pt²⁺ is:
- Configuration for Pt²⁺: [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁸.
3. **Hybridization**: NH₃ is a strong field ligand, which leads to pairing:
- The hybridization will be dsp².
4. **Geometry**: The geometry for dsp² hybridization is square planar.

### Conclusion
The complex that does **not** involve dsp² hybridization and is not square planar is **Copper Tetrasynide (Cu(CN)₄)³⁻**, which has sp³ hybridization and tetrahedral geometry.

### Final Answer
The complex that does not involve `dsp²` hybridization and is not square planar is **Copper Tetrasynide (Cu(CN)₄)³⁻**.

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