A patient who excretes large quantity of sodium in urine has

Options

A. Diseased adrenal medulla
B. Diseased adrenal cortex
C. Diseased pancreas
D. Diseased thymus.

Answer

To solve the question regarding a patient who excretes a large quantity of sodium in urine, we need to analyze the role of different glands and hormones in sodium regulation in the body.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Sodium Excretion**:
- Sodium is a crucial electrolyte in the body, involved in various physiological processes, including nerve impulse transmission and maintaining osmotic balance.

2. **Role of the Kidneys**:
- The kidneys are responsible for filtering blood and regulating the balance of electrolytes, including sodium. They reabsorb sodium from the urine back into the bloodstream.

3. **Adrenal Glands and Hormones**:
- The adrenal glands, located on top of the kidneys, consist of two parts: the adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla.
- The adrenal cortex produces hormones such as glucocorticoids (e.g., cortisol) and mineralocorticoids (e.g., aldosterone), which play a significant role in sodium reabsorption.

4. **Function of Aldosterone**:
- Aldosterone, a mineralocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex, specifically promotes the reabsorption of sodium in the kidneys. If aldosterone levels are low, sodium will not be reabsorbed effectively, leading to increased sodium excretion in urine.

5. **Identifying the Problem**:
- If a patient is excreting a large quantity of sodium in urine, it suggests that there is a dysfunction in the adrenal cortex, which is failing to produce adequate amounts of aldosterone.

6. **Conclusion**:
- Therefore, the condition described in the question is likely due to a disease affecting the adrenal cortex, which is responsible for the regulation of sodium levels in the body.

### Final Answer:
The patient who excretes a large quantity of sodium in urine has a disease of the adrenal cortex.

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