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The electronic configuration of valence ...

The electronic configuration of valence shell of Cu is `3d^(10)4s^(2)`. How is this configuration explained ?

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This is explained on the principle of orbital symmetry according to which
completely filled or half filled orbitals in a given sub shell have extra stability.
Thus, the `3d^(10)4s^(1)` configuration of copper is more symmetrical as well as stable as compared to `3d^(9)4s^(2)` configuration. For more details, consult Section 2.28.
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