A buffer solution can be prepared from a mixture of
(1).Sodium acetate and acetic acid in water
(2).Sodium acetate and hydrochloric acid in water
(3).ammonia and ammonium chloride in water
(4). Ammonia and sodium hydroxide in water.
The correct answer is :

Options

A. `1,3,4`
B. `2,3,4`
C. `1,2,4`
D. `1,3`

Explanation

To determine which mixtures can form a buffer solution, let's analyze each option step by step.

### Step 1: Understanding Buffer Solutions
A buffer solution is a solution that can resist changes in pH when small amounts of an acid or a base are added. It typically consists of a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid.

### Step 2: Analyzing Each Option
1. **Sodium acetate and acetic acid in water**:
- Sodium acetate (CH₃COONa) is the salt of acetic acid (CH₃COOH), which is a weak acid.
- This combination provides both the weak acid (acetic acid) and its conjugate base (acetate ion).
- **Conclusion**: This mixture can form a buffer solution.

2. **Sodium acetate and hydrochloric acid in water**:
- Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a strong acid and does not have a conjugate base that is a weak acid.
- Adding HCl would increase the acidity of the solution significantly, thus not maintaining a stable pH.
- **Conclusion**: This mixture cannot form a buffer solution.

3. **Ammonia and ammonium chloride in water**:
- Ammonia (NH₃) is a weak base, and ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) is the salt of its conjugate acid (ammonium ion, NH₄⁺).
- This combination provides both the weak base (ammonia) and its conjugate acid (ammonium ion).
- **Conclusion**: This mixture can form a buffer solution.

4. **Ammonia and sodium hydroxide in water**:
- Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is a strong base and does not have a corresponding weak acid to form a buffer.
- Mixing ammonia (a weak base) with sodium hydroxide (a strong base) would not create a buffer solution.
- **Conclusion**: This mixture cannot form a buffer solution.

### Final Conclusion
The mixtures that can form buffer solutions are:
- **Option 1**: Sodium acetate and acetic acid in water.
- **Option 3**: Ammonia and ammonium chloride in water.

### Correct Answer
The correct options are (1) and (3).

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