Ram and Shyam were going from Delhi to Agra by car to see Taj Mahal. Ram was to drive the car. Before strating the car, Ram wore a safety device which is mandatory by law. But Shyam did not care to wear this safety device. The speed limit on the stretch of Delhi-Agra highway at which they were driving at the moment was 80 kilometres per hout (80 kmph). Finding the road wide and free, Shyam asked Ram to drive at a high speed of 100 kmph to get a thrill. Ram, however, said no to overspeeding. He told Shyam that speed thrills but kills'. Just then Ram saw a bullock cart, which was going straight on the road till now, taking a right turn a little distance in front of his car. Noticing this, Ram applied the braked suddenly to stop the car quickly and prevent a collision with the bullock cart. Ram was able to stop his car just before it was to hit the bullock cart. When the car stopped suddenly due to emergency braking, Shyam's head hit the dashboard of car in front of him due to which he got a serious head injury. ram immediately took Shyam to a nearby hospital where he was admitted for treatment. Shyam's parents were also informed. Ram, who was driving the car, escaped unhurt.
(a) Why did Shyam's head hit the dashboard of the car when the car stopped suddenly due to emergency braking? Explain your answer.
(b) Which law of motion is involved in this horrible accident? By which other name is this law sometimes called?
(c) Which safety device Shyam was not wearing at the time of accident which could have prevented head injury to Shyam ?
(d) What other safety device is increasingly being provided in the cars in India which is also very helpful in preventing serious inhuries during high speed accidents?
(e) What values are displayed by Ram in this episode?

Explanation

(a) The car was moving at high speed and alongwith car, Shyam's body was also moving at the same speed. When the brakes were applied suddenly and the car came to a stop, then due to its inertia, Shyam's body tended to continue in motion and he was thrown forward violently. Because of this, Shyam's head hit the dashboard of car in front of him causing a serious head injury.
(b) Newton's first law of motion is involved in this accident. Newton's first law of motion is also somentimes called Galileo's law of inertia.
(c) Shyam was not wearing a seat belt.
(d) The provision of 'air bags' in cars in very helpful in preventing injuries during high speed accidents. Air bag is a safety device which inflates rapidly on the impact of collision to protect the occupant of the car in case of an accident.
(e) The value displayed by Ram in this episode are (i) Taking safety precautions while driving (by wearing a sent belt) (ii) Obeying rules of the road (by not exceeding speed limit) (iii) Alertness (in being quick to notice the danger of bullock cart and braking immediately), and (iv) Responsible citizen (in taking injured Shyam to hospital immediately).