Anahat is an eight year old girl who has just begun to learn swimming. At the moment she is in the swimming pool. Suddenly, Anahat finds that her earring has fallen into the water. It appears to her that the earring has not gone too deep. So, she begins to go further into swimming pool to retrieve her earring. Her trainer, who has been watching her movements, does not allow Anahat to go further and pulls her out of the swimming pool quickly.
(a) Why does it appear to Anahat that her earring has not gone too deep in water ? Name the phenomenon involved.
(b) Why does the trainer not allow Anahat to go further in the swimming pool ?
(c) Give one example of the effect of phenomenon involved in the above episode in which a glass slab is used.
(d) What values does the trainer show in the above episode ?

Explanation

(a) The Phenomenon involved is refraction of light. Due to refraction of light coming out through the water of swimming pool into air, the bottom of swimming pool appears raised. In other words, the swimming pool appears to be less deep to Anahat than it really is. Due to this, Anahat thinks that her earring has not gone too deep in water and tries to retrieve it.
(b) The trainer does not allow Anahat to go further in the swimming pool because the water there is much deeper than it appears to be and there is a risk of drowning
(c) Due to refraction of light, when a glass slab is placed over some printed matter, the letters appear to be raised when viewed from top.
(d) The trainer shows the values of (i) Sense of duty (ii) Concern for the safety of children, and (iv) Timely action.