Mark the incorrect statement.

Options

A. in any AC circuit, the applied instantaneous voltage equals to the algebraic sum of the instantaneous voltage across the series element of the circuit.
B. For circuits used for transpoting electric power a low power factor implies large power loss in transmission
C. Power factor can often be improved by the use of a capacitor of appropritance in the circuit
D. The use of a capacitor is avoided in the circuit of an induction coil

Answer

To determine the incorrect statement among the given options, we will analyze each statement one by one.

### Step 1: Analyze Statement 1
**Statement 1:** In any VSC (Voltage Source Converter) circuit, there is a sum of voltage in series.

- **Explanation:** According to Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL), the algebraic sum of all voltages in a closed loop must equal zero. This means that the sum of the voltages across all components in a series circuit must equal the total voltage supplied by the source. Therefore, this statement is correct.

### Step 2: Analyze Statement 2
**Statement 2:** For a circuit using transporting electric power, a low power factor implies large power loss in transmission.

- **Explanation:** The power factor (PF) is defined as the ratio of true power (P) to apparent power (S). A low power factor indicates that a larger amount of apparent power is required to deliver the same amount of true power, which can lead to increased losses in the transmission lines. Thus, this statement is also correct.

### Step 3: Analyze Statement 3
**Statement 3:** The power factor can be improved by using a capacitor of appropriate value in the circuit.

- **Explanation:** Capacitors can be used to counteract the inductive effects in a circuit, thereby improving the power factor. By adding a capacitor, the reactive power can be reduced, which increases the overall power factor. Hence, this statement is correct.

### Step 4: Analyze Statement 4
**Statement 4:** The use of a capacitor is avoided in the circuit of an induction coil.

- **Explanation:** In induction coil circuits, capacitors are often used for voltage regulation and to improve the performance of the circuit. Therefore, stating that the use of capacitors is avoided in such circuits is incorrect.

### Conclusion
After analyzing all four statements, we find that **Statement 4** is incorrect.

### Final Answer
The incorrect statement is **Statement 4**: The use of a capacitor is avoided in the circuit of an induction coil.

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